,.+ ??

[hbarkhof]

Book : Mastering Dyalog APL. Page 405 5.4 Inner Product.
----------------------------------------------------------

a : 2 4 1
1 3 5

b : 3 0 2 5
1 7 7 2
6 0 4 2

a ,.+ b gives: 5 5 7 2 11 1 4 11 5 7 6 3
4 4 11 1 10 5 3 10 9 6 5 7

a +., b gives: 7 10 7 7 7 13 7 9
9 10 9 7 9 13 9 9

Too bad that this book does not explains how it comes to such results.

Could anyone explains this to me ?
Thanks

Henk.

Att.Picture is maybe more clear:

[ray]

The string a,.+b, firsts adds a to b and then ravels the results.

Code: Select all

    ⎕se.DISPLAY a
┌→────┐
↓2 4 1│
│1 3 5│
└~────┘
      ⎕se.DISPLAY b
┌→──────┐
↓3 0 2 5│
│1 7 7 2│
│6 0 4 2│
└~──────┘


Lets first add 0 to b and see the result:

Code: Select all

     ⎕se.DISPLAY    0 ,.+ b
┌→────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌→────┐ ┌→────┐ ┌→────┐ ┌→────┐ │
│ │3 1 6│ │0 7 0│ │2 7 4│ │5 2 2│ │
│ └~────┘ └~────┘ └~────┘ └~────┘ │
└∊────────────────────────────────┘


now lets add 100 1000 10000 to b and see the result:

Code: Select all


      ⎕SE.DISPLAY 100 1000 10000,.+b
┌→────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌→─────────────┐ ┌→─────────────┐ ┌→─────────────┐ ┌→─────────────┐ │
│ │103 1001 10006│ │100 1007 10000│ │102 1007 10004│ │105 1002 10002│ │
│ └~─────────────┘ └~─────────────┘ └~─────────────┘ └~─────────────┘ │
└∊────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘



now lets add the first row of a to b and see the result:

Code: Select all

      ⎕SE.DISPLAY 2 4 1,.+b
┌→──────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌→────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→────┐ │
│ │5 5 7│ │2 11 1│ │4 11 5│ │7 6 3│ │
│ └~────┘ └~─────┘ └~─────┘ └~────┘ │
└∊──────────────────────────────────┘


Now lets add just the second row of a to b and see the result:

Code: Select all

      ⎕SE.DISPLAY 1 3 5,.+b
┌→───────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌→─────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→────┐ │
│ │4 4 11│ │1 10 5│ │3 10 9│ │6 5 7│ │
│ └~─────┘ └~─────┘ └~─────┘ └~────┘ │
└∊───────────────────────────────────┘


Now lets add a to b and see the final result:

Code: Select all

      ⎕SE.DISPLAY a,.+b
┌→───────────────────────────────────┐
↓ ┌→────┐  ┌→─────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→────┐ │
│ │5 5 7│  │2 11 1│ │4 11 5│ │7 6 3│ │
│ └~────┘  └~─────┘ └~─────┘ └~────┘ │
│ ┌→─────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→─────┐ ┌→────┐ │
│ │4 4 11│ │1 10 5│ │3 10 9│ │6 5 7│ │
│ └~─────┘ └~─────┘ └~─────┘ └~────┘ │
└∊───────────────────────────────────┘



Does this help?

[hbarkhof]

It sure does help completely , Ray !
Such explanation should be in the book , imho.

Thanks again !

[AndyS|Dyalog]

You might also like to experiment with the tc operator in the dfns workspace:

      a ,tc.+ b
5  ,  7  =>  5 7 
5  ,  5 7  =>  5 5 7 
11  ,  1  =>  11 1 
2  ,  11 1  =>  2 11 1 
11  ,  5  =>  11 5 
4  ,  11 5  =>  4 11 5 
6  ,  3  =>  6 3 
7  ,  6 3  =>  7 6 3 
4  ,  11  =>  4 11 
4  ,  4 11  =>  4 4 11 
10  ,  5  =>  10 5 
1  ,  10 5  =>  1 10 5 
10  ,  9  =>  10 9 
3  ,  10 9  =>  3 10 9 
5  ,  7  =>  5 7 
6  ,  5 7  =>  6 5 7 
 5 5 7   2 11 1  4 11 5  7 6 3 
 4 4 11  1 10 5  3 10 9  6 5 7

Another of the invaluable tools contained in the dfns workspace !

[Roger|Dyalog]

      a
2 4 1
1 3 5
      b
3 0 2 5
1 7 7 2
6 0 4 2

      a +., b
┌────┬───┬────┬───┐
│7 10│7 7│7 13│7 9│
├────┼───┼────┼───┤
│9 10│9 7│9 13│9 9│
└────┴───┴────┴───┘
      a,.+ b
┌──────┬──────┬──────┬─────┐
│5 5 7 │2 11 1│4 11 5│7 6 3│
├──────┼──────┼──────┼─────┤
│4 4 11│1 10 5│3 10 9│6 5 7│
└──────┴──────┴──────┴─────┘

For "weird" inner product combinations, it is helpful to look at the general definition:

      X←{↑ ⍺⍺/¨ (↓⍺)∘.(⍵⍵¨) ↓[⎕IO]⍵}

      (a +., b) ≡ a +X, b
1
      (a ,.+ b) ≡ a ,X+ b
1

With the general definition in hand, you can then examine the intermediate steps.
It's helpful to turn boxing on:

      ]box on

      ea←↓a
      ea
┌─────┬─────┐
│2 4 1│1 3 5│
└─────┴─────┘
      eb←↓[⎕io] b
      eb
┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐
│3 1 6│0 7 0│2 7 4│5 2 2│
└─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┘

Looking at the subexpressions in each case. For +.,

      ea ∘.(,¨) eb
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┐
│┌───┬───┬───┐│┌───┬───┬───┐│┌───┬───┬───┐│┌───┬───┬───┐│
││2 3│4 1│1 6│││2 0│4 7│1 0│││2 2│4 7│1 4│││2 5│4 2│1 2││
│└───┴───┴───┘│└───┴───┴───┘│└───┴───┴───┘│└───┴───┴───┘│
├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┤
│┌───┬───┬───┐│┌───┬───┬───┐│┌───┬───┬───┐│┌───┬───┬───┐│
││1 3│3 1│5 6│││1 0│3 7│5 0│││1 2│3 7│5 4│││1 5│3 2│5 2││
│└───┴───┴───┘│└───┴───┴───┘│└───┴───┴───┘│└───┴───┴───┘│
└─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┘
      +/¨ ea ∘.(,¨) eb
┌──────┬─────┬──────┬─────┐
│┌────┐│┌───┐│┌────┐│┌───┐│
││7 10│││7 7│││7 13│││7 9││
│└────┘│└───┘│└────┘│└───┘│
├──────┼─────┼──────┼─────┤
│┌────┐│┌───┐│┌────┐│┌───┐│
││9 10│││9 7│││9 13│││9 9││
│└────┘│└───┘│└────┘│└───┘│
└──────┴─────┴──────┴─────┘
      ↑ +/¨ ea ∘.(,¨) eb
┌────┬───┬────┬───┐
│7 10│7 7│7 13│7 9│
├────┼───┼────┼───┤
│9 10│9 7│9 13│9 9│
└────┴───┴────┴───┘

For ,.+

      ea ∘.(+¨) eb
┌──────┬──────┬──────┬─────┐
│5 5 7 │2 11 1│4 11 5│7 6 3│
├──────┼──────┼──────┼─────┤
│4 4 11│1 10 5│3 10 9│6 5 7│
└──────┴──────┴──────┴─────┘
      ,/¨ ea ∘.(+¨) eb
┌────────┬────────┬────────┬───────┐
│┌─────┐ │┌──────┐│┌──────┐│┌─────┐│
││5 5 7│ ││2 11 1│││4 11 5│││7 6 3││
│└─────┘ │└──────┘│└──────┘│└─────┘│
├────────┼────────┼────────┼───────┤
│┌──────┐│┌──────┐│┌──────┐│┌─────┐│
││4 4 11│││1 10 5│││3 10 9│││6 5 7││
│└──────┘│└──────┘│└──────┘│└─────┘│
└────────┴────────┴────────┴───────┘
      ↑ ,/¨ ea ∘.(+¨) eb
┌──────┬──────┬──────┬─────┐
│5 5 7 │2 11 1│4 11 5│7 6 3│
├──────┼──────┼──────┼─────┤
│4 4 11│1 10 5│3 10 9│6 5 7│
└──────┴──────┴──────┴─────┘